Association between gastric rhythm and gastroesophageal reflux defined by simultaneous body surface gastric mapping and 24-hour pH testing

  1. William Xu
  2. Sam Simmonds
  3. Daphne Foong
  4. Sameer Bhat
  5. Chris Varghese
  6. Christopher N Andrews
  7. Gabriel Schamberg
  8. Armen Gharibans
  9. Thomas L. Abell
  10. David Rowbotham
  11. Vincent Ho
  12. Stefan Calder
  13. Gregory O’Grady
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Abstract

Background

Abnormal gastric myoelectrical function may contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We assessed if myoelectrical abnormalities measured using body surface gastric mapping were correlated with reflux measured by 24 hr pH testing, and symptom severity.

Methods

Gastric Alimetry ® was performed simultaneously on patients undergoing 24 hr pH testing for investigation of reflux symptoms, with a standardised 4.5 hr test and validated symptom logging. Data were segmented into 15-minute epochs. Correlations between myoelectric activity, reflux events, and symptoms were assessed, including temporal correlations adjusted for repeated measures.

Results

Forty subjects were recruited (mean age 46.5 years, 60% female): 20 undergoing pH testing (12 with GERD and 8 symptomatic patients without), and 20 controls. GERD patients displayed less stable Gastric Alimetry® Rhythm-Index (GA-RI) compared with controls (p=0.011), but not with non-GERD patients (p=0.605). Decreasing GA-RI was associated with esophageal acid exposure (DeMeester score; r=-0.46, p=0.042). Periods of decreased GA-RI were not temporally correlated with reflux (r=0.08, p=0.182), or heartburn severity (r=0.04, p=0.309), but were correlated with nausea (r=-0.22, p<0.001) and excessive fullness (r=-0.28, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Gastric rhythm instability is associated with increased symptom severity and overall acid exposure in GERD patients, although no temporal link to heartburn was found. Reduced rhythm stability was temporally associated with increased nausea and fullness. GA-RI offers an emerging biomarker of gastric dysfunction in patients with GERD symptomatology.

Study highlights

What is known

  • ● Heartburn is common and often medically refractory

  • ● Gastric conduction and motility abnormalities may contribute to symptoms but the temporal relationship is unknown

    • What is new here

  • ● Gastric rhythm abnormalities measured by Gastric Alimetry® are correlated with increasing reflux burden and symptom severity

  • ● There is no temporal association between gastric rhythm and reflux events

  • ● Gastric rhythm abnormalities may predispose patients to worse reflux, but there is no direct temporal correlation

    • Article activity feed

    1. Version published to 10.1101/2025.07.28.25332302 on medRxiv