Divergence of an extracellular contractile injection system infectivity elucidated by high resolution structural studies of its tail-baseplate complex

Divergence to the infectivity practice by extracellular contractile injection systems (eCISs) is displayed by myophage P1 in its lytic phase involving its baseplate receding away from the host bacterium during infection. Atomic structure of the proteins forming P1’s Tail Baseplate (TB) complex, determined here, using cryo electron microscopy are employed to identify a sequence of viral events explaining this unique phenomenon. The P1 baseplate is found to be devoid of protein appendages that are necessary for anchoring it to the host bacterium. To compensate this deficiency, P1’s Long Tail Fibers (LTFs) affix to the host’s exterior, straighten up imparting stability to the virion for pursuing the infection process, thereby eliciting the baseplate hub and the tail sheath to ascend away, resulting in uniform compression of the latter. Upon the maximum unkinking of LTFs, a descending corkscrew motion commences that results in the non-uniform downward compression of the tail sheath, the tail tube and baseplate needle that perforates through the host’s membrane-cytoplasm, leading to a successful phage-bacterium infection.