Analyzing Conspiratorial Content Across Singapore-Based Telegram Groups

Telegram has emerged as a key platform for the circulation of conspiratorial narratives. We examine conspiratorial discourse within Singapore-based Telegram groups from 2021–2025. We analyze over 10 million words from three Telegram groups. We developed a logistic regression classifier to detect conspiratorial content, achieving an F1 score of 0.74 and expert-validated labeling accuracy of 72%. Topic models indicated dominant themes centered around elite control, vaccine risks, and globalist agendas. While most users rarely posted conspiratorial content, a small, highly active minority accounted for most of such messages. These users frequently forwarded messages across multiple groups, amplifying the spread of content with short but intense lifecycles (mean lifespan=6.8 days). Network analysis showed that users typically joined multiple groups in rapid succession and that conspiratorial messages traveled across groups within weeks. We underscore the importance of user-centric monitoring, time-sensitive interventions, and platform-specific models for content detection.