MUAC Screening for Malnutrition; Disparities Across LGAs and Performance in Bayelsa State
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Introduction
Malnutrition remains a critical threat to child survival in Nigeria, especially in ecologically vulnerable states like Bayelsa. Although the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) tool is widely used for early detection of severe acute malnutrition (SAM), disparities in screening coverage and case detection across local government areas (LGAs) remain under-explored. This study assessed regional MUAC screening performance during the June 2025 Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH) Week in Bayelsa State, with a focus on identifying disparities in screening distribution and SAM prevalence.
Methodology
A cross-sectional quantitative design was adopted, using secondary program data from the Bayelsa State OPS Room Final Report. The dataset included MUAC screening indicators across eight LGAs. Variables analyzed included the number of children screened, Red MUAC cases identified, screening coverage percentage, and Red MUAC prevalence. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using Python and SPSS to examine trends and relationships.
Results
Out of 538,813 children screened, significant disparities were observed across LGAs. Ogbia LGA accounted for over 52% of screenings, while Ekeremor and Nembe contributed less than 8% combined. Red MUAC prevalence varied from 0.03% to 1.78%, with Nembe recording the highest burden. A moderate positive correlation (r ≈ 0.41) was found between screening coverage and Red MUAC detection, indicating that higher screening volume did not always equate to higher detection efficiency.
Conclusion
The study revealed operational and equity gaps in MUAC screening implementation across Bayelsa State. Disparities in both screening coverage and SAM detection underscore the need for data-driven planning, targeted deployment, and health system strengthening. These findings highlight the importance of regionalized nutrition surveillance to ensure equitable service delivery, particularly for high-risk and hard-to-reach populations.
