Genetic testing in cancer: a systematic review of patient reported measures

Advances in genomic technologies have driven a substantial shift in cancer care. Understanding patients’ experience of care and their associated outcomes is essential to effectively delivering precision care. These outcomes are usually evaluated through patient reported measures (PRMs), rather than administrative data. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify, describe and summarise the PRMs employed when patients with cancer underwent genetic testing. Search terms included cascade screening OR carrier screening OR genetic testing OR genetic counselling AND cancer AND patient reported outcomes AND NOT Review (Publication Type). A total of 474 articles were identified and following full text review, 46 studies were included for data extraction. We identified 98 measures, with 32 of them being genetics specific PRMs. These PRMs focussed on knowledge of genetics, perceptions, concerns, interest and acceptability. Majority of the included studies were conducted in the United States (n=27; 58.7%) and included breast cancer patients (n _breast =14; n _{breast&ovarian} =13). Given differences in legislative frameworks regarding the use of genetic information across countries, most included studies were conducted in countries where discrimination based on genetic features is illegal. It was also evident that studies in cancers other than breast are warranted and could inform standardised collection of key outcomes across the cancer spectrum. This review has identified, described and summarised what types of measures have been used when patients with cancer have undergone genetic testing and has highlighted the urgent need for development of additional PRMs in this area, particularly in cancers other than breast.