Assessing ChatGPT's Performance in Delineating Uveitis: An analysis of responses to real-world case presentations

Background In the world of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Generative Pretrained Transformer-3 (GPT-3) has gained significant popularity for its demonstrated potential in medical education and diagnostics. However, its understanding of ocular urgencies, particularly uveitis, demands a focused investigation. Methods This proof-of-concept study explored the application of ChatGPT, a language model derived from GPT-3, in delineating uveitis based on 24 case presentations. We analyzed ChatGPT communication quality through 14 qualitative metrics by computing patient data at four different levels to act as prompts. These included patient history, drug history, examination findings, and clinical investigations. Results Our results showed that at the initial prompt, ChatGPT responses were comprehensive for most (8 out of 14) variables and correct but inadequate for some (3 out of 14) variables in the majority (>50.0%) of uveitis cases. Ethical considerations was the only variable in terms of which responses consistently showed mixed accuracy and outdated data across all prompts in most (95.8%) uveitis cases. Also, none of the ChatGPT responses were completely inaccurate in terms of any variable at any prompt for any uveitis case. Conclusion The results reveal ChatGPT strengths and limitations in answering queries for patients with uveitis or its differential diagnosis, while emphasizing the indispensable role of physicians in ethical decision-making.