Medicinal Cannabis Plant Extract (NTI164) modifies epigenetic, ribosomal, and immune pathways in paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome
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Background
Paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is a syndrome of infection-provoked abrupt-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or eating restriction. Based on the hypothesis that PANS is an epigenetic disorder of immune and brain function, a full-spectrum medicinal cannabinoid-rich low-THC cannabis (NTI164) was selected for its known epigenetic and immunomodulatory properties.
Methods
This open-label trial of fourteen children with chronic-relapsing PANS (mean age 12.1 years; range 4–17; 71% male) investigated the safety and efficacy of 20mg/kg/day NTI164 over 12 weeks. Clinical outcomes were assessed using gold standard tools. To define the biological effects of NTI164, blood samples were collected pre- and post-treatment for bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and DNA methylation.
Findings
NTI164 was well-tolerated, and 12 weeks of treatment decreased the mean Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score from 4.8 to 3.3 (p=0.002). Significant improvements were observed in emotional regulation (RCADS-P, p<0.0001), obsessive-compulsive disorder (CYBOCS-II, p=0.0001), tics (YGTSS, p<0.0001), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Conner’s, p=0.028), and overall quality of life (EQ-5D-Y, p=0.011). At baseline, the multi-omic approach revealed that leukocytes from patients with PANS had dysregulated epigenetic (chromatin structure, DNA methylation, histone modifications, transcription factors), ribosomal, mRNA processing, immune, and signalling pathways. These pathways were significantly modulated by NTI164 treatment.
Interpretation
NTI164 shows promise as a disease-modifying therapeutic for PANS. Multi-omics reveal broad epigenetic and immune dysregulation in patients, which was modified by NTI164, presenting epigenetic machinery as a therapeutic target in PANS.
Funding
This study was funded by Fenix Innovation Group Pty Ltd and Neurotech International Ltd.
