Field Observations on the Use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Human African Trypanosomiasis in Nigeria
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Introduction
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a Neglected Tropical Disease targeted for elimination by 2030. Control efforts have reduced prevalence, but diagnostic challenges for field surveillance persist. Rapid Diagnostic Test kits (RDTs), used as frontline diagnostic tools for field surveillance, are often based on Variant Surface Glycoproteins (VSGs), which undergo constant mutations and exhibit considerable geographical diversity. Some VSGs are absent in Cameroon and Nigerian trypanosome strains/isolates.
Method
This study evaluated the reliability of HAT RDTs using human and animal blood samples from Nigeria. Seropositive samples from ELISA and CATT were tested with Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 RDT.
Result
All human samples tested negative, while some animal samples were positive on the RDT. This raises concerns about the reliability/suitability of this RDT for HAT field surveillance in Nigeria.
Conclusion
This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating diverse Trypanosoma strains into RDT development and ensuring validation across all endemic areas for effective field surveillance and disease control.
