Body Image Satisfaction and Associated Factors Among Tertiary Students in Harare, Zimbabwe: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Background
Body image is a subjective mental representation of an individual’s body appearance, attractiveness, and physical functioning. Lower satisfaction often leads to psychological distress, decreased self-worth and unhealthy habits. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of body image satisfaction and its associated factors among undergraduate university students in Harare, Zimbabwe. Study outcomes will guide the development of bespoke interventions.
Methods
Using convenience sampling, this cross-sectional study recruited 1,136 undergraduate students from five universities in Harare, Zimbabwe. Data were self-reported and collected using the Body Appreciation Scale-2, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and socio-demographic questionnaire. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine factors influencing body image satisfaction. Data were analysed using SPSS (Version 29) at α=0.05.
Results
The prevalence of body image satisfaction was 57.5%. These factors were significantly associated with lower odds of body image satisfaction; being in a relationship [AOR=0.64; (95%CI: 0.47-0.87), p=0.004], smoking [AOR 0.56; (95%CI: 0.33-0.92), p=0.023], engaging in self-body criticism [AOR = 0.31; (95%CI: 0.21-0.47), p< .001], being at risk of anxiety or depression [AOR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.54-0.95), p=.018], and using diet or exercise as a coping strategy [AOR = 0.71; (95%CI: 0.52-0.96), p=0.027]. However, engaging in daily physical activity [AOR = 2.07; (95%CI: 1.33-3.24),p<0.001], lower daily social media usage [AOR = 1.37; (95%CI: 1.11-1.84), p=.038], a strong sense of belonging and acceptance within university community [AOR = 5.31, (95%CI: 1.49-18.90),p=0.10] and high self-esteem [AOR=3.18; 95%CI: 2.39-4.24),p<.001] were associated with higher odds of body image satisfaction.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving body image satisfaction among university students should prioritise psychological well-being, healthy lifestyle behaviours, and a supportive campus environment. Addressing social influences such as self-body criticism and social media engagement may also contribute to more positive body image outcomes in this population.
