Structurally Constrained Functional Connectivity Reveals Efficient Visuomotor Decision-Making Mechanisms in Action Video Gamers

Long-term action video game (AVG) playing has been linked to improved response times (∼190 ms) without accuracy tradeoffs in time-sensitive visuomotor decisions, but how it reshapes neural circuits that enable this behavioral advantage is unclear. In this study, Cognitive Resource Reallocation (CRR) is introduced as a candidate mechanism for how sustained engagement with AVGs drives behaviorally relevant neuroplasticity through neuroplastic refinement. Using the AAL3 structural connectivity atlas, we apply structural constraints to functional connectivity (SC-FC) and directed functional connectivity (SC-dFC) in gamers and non-gamers. Our results provide strong support for the CRR hypothesis and demonstrate that the brain plausibly reallocates cognitive resources over time to optimize task-relevant networks in high-demand environments such as AVGs, enhancing the integration of contextual information and refining motion processing, which may be a key mechanism in explaining more efficient visuomotor decision-making. These findings position action video games as powerful tools for studying experience-driven neuroplasticity, with implications for cognitive training, rehabilitation, and optimizing real-world visuomotor decisions.