Hypertension Self-Management and Stroke Recovery Among Rural Adults in the Stroke Belt: A Mixed-Methods Study

Limited knowledge exist on HTN-related knowledge and health behaviors among African American adult stroke survivors with hypertension condition living in rural Alabama. To address this gap, we conducted a small pilot study with a mixed methods design for needs assessment of stroke survivors with a hypertension condition living in rural areas of Alabama. We followed the community engagement strategy approach to conduct our study.

After the approval from the Institutional Review Board, participants were recruited (N=25) using convenience sampling. We conducted surveys, followed by sequential interviews of our participants. Our needs assessment focused on knowledge and actual behaviors related to hypertension management among this population.

This paper presents findings from the quantitative and qualitative data collected for this needs assessment study. Data collection included: (i) HTN Knowledge-Level Scale test (HK-LS), (ii) HTN Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE), and (iii) The Southampton Stroke Self-Management Questionnaire. Interested participants ( n=14) were interviewed using a PI-developed semi-structured interview guide.

Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected from the surveys. The majority of participants (76%) had low level knowledge related to hypertension. Most participants also demonstrated limited adherence to hypertension behaviors including hypertension medication adherence (76%), DASH Diet (84%), physical activity ( 56%), and 72% had smoking habits. Our findings from qualitative interview data revealed the major themes of lack of knowledge related to hypertension management and post-stroke life management, lack of adherence to prescribe hypertension treatment, lack of continuity of care after discharge from hospital, and lack of social support.

These results indicated poor adherence to prescribed hypertension management behaviors. These findings highlight the need for a larger-scale study to assess heart health knowledge further and to identify the specific needs and preferences of this underserved population, an essential step toward developing tailored, community-informed interventions.