Viral Infection Induces Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Pathways and Senescence in iPSC-Derived Neuronal Models
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INTRODUCTION
The Pathogen Infection Hypothesis proposes that β-Amyloid (Aβ) functions as an antimicrobial peptide, with pathogen-induced aggregation potentially contributing to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology.
METHODS
We used human iPSC-derived 2D neurons and 3D cerebral organoids from wild-type and familial AD ( PSEN1/2 mutant) lines to model acute infections with HSV-1 and TBEV and Aβ aggregation. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were conducted to assess molecular responses.
RESULTS
HSV-1, but not TBEV, induced robust Aβ clustering, which was, however, dependent on extracellular amyloid peptides. Transcriptomic profiling revealed widespread HSV-1-induced changes, including activation of neurodegeneration-related pathways. Proteomic profiling confirmed enrichment of neurodegeneration- and senescence-associated secretome signatures. PSEN1/2 mutations did not alter the acute infection response. Reanalysis of independent datasets confirmed our findings and revealed a limited protective effect of acyclovir.
DISCUSSION
Results directly support the Pathogen Infection Hypothesis and suggest that preventing viral infections via vaccinations may represent a feasible approach to reducing AD risk.
