TEITbase: a database for transposable element (TE)-initiated transcripts in human cancers

Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant and play a crucial regulatory role in the human genome. Functioning as alternative promoters, TEs can be reactivated to produce TE-initiated transcripts. In cancer, TE-initiated transcription may upregulate oncogene expression and generate novel tumor-specific antigens, which could serve as potential targets for immunotherapy. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive databases that systematically investigate TE-initiated transcription in cancer. To address this gap, we developed a deep learning-based method and identified 38,995 TE-initiated transcripts across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Among these, 6,203 were tumor-specific expressed and strongly associated with the tumorigenesis. Using these annotations, we created TEITbase ( http://teitbase.medbioinfo.org/ ), a user-friendly database that provides researchers with toolsto conduct various downstream analyses and investigations for TE-initiated transcripts, including 546 novel onco-exaptation events. The establishment of TEITbase provides new insights into transcriptional reprogramming in cancers and enables further investigation into the potential roles of TE-initiated transcripts in cancer diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.