Effects of HIV prevention interventions on the behaviors of students at the university campuses of Yaoundé (Cameroon)
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Background
HIV infection persists at very high levels compared to other parts of the world. It devastates youth and thus jeopardizes the development of countries. This indicates that the success of numerous interventions aimed at changing the sexual behaviors of adolescents and young people could be questioned. These interventions often focus on the individual, and less on the social and cultural environments in which young people’s understanding of sexuality is formed.
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to obtain updated baseline data allowing for a better understanding of the HIV epidemic and its determinants and prevention, as well as the evolution of student behaviors following implemented interventions.
Methods
To this end, a descriptive, cross-sectional study with an evaluative aim was conducted among students on the campuses of the University of Yaoundé I, the Catholic University of Central Africa, and the Siantou Higher Institute, from May to July 2024. Inclusion criteria were: students aged 18 to 30 years inclusive, regularly enrolled in the aforementioned universities and institutes. We used consecutive recruitment and obtained a total sample size of 1200 students. The collected data were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 software. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and confidence intervals were estimated at a 95% confidence level.
Results
A total of 1200 students were surveyed during this study, including 572 men and 628 women. The age group under 20 years represented 49.0% of the sample, 21-24 years 40%, and 25 years and older 11%. Regarding the level of education, 98% of students were enrolled in undergraduate programs, and 2% were in postgraduate programs. The majority of students, 99%, resided off-campus, with 75% living with family and 26% living outside the family home with friends or in student housing. Concerning socio-financial characteristics, 92% of students had their parents as their main material/financial support. Among these students, 65% found this material support to be regular, and 48% found it insufficient. Finally, 26% of students reported having a part-time job to support their educational needs. Slightly more than half of the students, 69%, reported having consumed alcohol in the past 12 months, with 27% consuming alcohol several times a month. A little over half, 57%, reported never having consumed alcohol, and 18% consumed alcohol once a month. The majority of students, 85%, reported respectively never having consumed alcohol in a way that prevented them from fulfilling academic obligations or being unable to remember what happened.
Conclusion
It appears necessary to redefine the objectives and reformulate prevention programs by strengthening the implemented strategies that have proven effective; however, this should be done with an emphasis on condom use.
