Genomic differentiation of Mannheimia haemolytica genotypes

Mannheimia haemolytica is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen associated with the economically costly bovine respiratory disease. Two genotypes have been described, of which genotype 2 is more strongly associated with disease. Several previous studies have investigated the genomic differences between the genotypes and/or the major serotypes (1, 2 and 6) of M. haemolytica , however we still lack a clear basis for the greater disease association of genotype 2 (serotypes 1 and 6) and demonstrations of phenotypic differences are scarce. This work builds upon previous investigations to identify genes that differentiate the two genotypes with a particular focus on genes that may play a role in virulence and fitness in the respiratory tract microbiome. We identified 422 genotype differentiating genes in a collection of 208 M. haemolytica genomes (62 genotype 1, 146 genotype 2). Genotype differentiating genes including genotype-associated variants of a TonB-dependent siderophore receptor homolog, transferrin binding protein B, leukotoxin A, and IgA1 proteases. We also identified a genotype 1 associated lytic transglycosylase, and a genotype 2 specific highly immunogenic outer membrane lipoprotein. These results expand our knowledge of what differentiates the genotypes of M. haemolytica and provides information that can be utilized to inform diagnostic strategies. The results also highlight the relative lack of information regarding M. haemolytica from sheep and goats and geographic regions other than Canada and the United States.