Early Development of Selective Motor Control in Preterm Infants With and Without Cerebral Palsy
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Objectives
To characterize early developmental trajectories of selective motor control (SMC) in very preterm infants and examine associations with later cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosis and gross motor function.
Methods
Very preterm infants (<32 weeks’ gestation) were recorded every 2–4 weeks until 5 months post-term age (PTA). SMC was scored from 352 videos (n=47 infants; 12 with CP) using BabyOSCAR, a validated observational tool. Linear mixed models examined SMC trajectories by CP diagnosis and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. ROC curves tested the ability of early SMC change (40–45 weeks) to predict CP.
Results
SMC scores increased over time, but infants with CP showed slower gains. Between 41–63 weeks, group differences emerged and widened (p<0.001). Change in BabyOSCAR score from 40–45 weeks predicted CP with 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC=0.98). GMFCS groups showed distinct trajectories, with children classified as GMFCS III–V changing scores less. Infants with unilateral CP showed increasing asymmetry from 42 weeks PTA.
Conclusions
SMC develops rapidly after term age but is altered in infants with CP, particularly among those later classified as GMFCS III–V. Early trajectories may reflect emerging corticospinal connectivity and offer a clinically useful marker of functional motor outcomes.
