Mapping One Health studies and practices that integrate the human, animal and environmental health dimensions: A scoping review protocol

The growing interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health has escalated the need for integrated approaches to public health. The One Health framework addresses this necessity by promoting local, national, and global interdisciplinary collaboration. Population growth, intensive animal farming, and manmade environmental changes contribute to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases of probable animal origin, such as COVID-19. Establishing the Quadripartite collaboration with four multilateral United Nations’ agencies underscores the increasing recognition of these interdependencies. This scoping review protocol aims to evaluate how One Health studies integrate human, animal, and environmental health, analyzing methodologies, scope, and interdisciplinary collaboration, to identify key achievements, existing gaps, and future research priorities. The projected literature search will include PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, Health Systems Evidence, and Social Systems Evidence. Additionally, grey literature will be retrieved from Opengrey, Thesis Commons, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations, by structured electronic search, as well as the first 100 entries in Google Scholar, manually. This protocol proposes to include studies, policies, regulations, strategies, and interventions published from 2004 onwards aimed at the prevention and integrated management of food safety, zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and the impacts of climate change on health. No language filters will be applied. Two independent reviewers will analyze titles, abstracts, and full texts to conduct a two-phase review, with a third reviewer resolving disagreements. Data will be retrieved using a standardized data extraction form, and results will be presented in graphic and tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary, to highlight the achievements of integrated One Health implementation. The expected result is the development of a scoping review protocol to map One Health studies and practices, which effectively integrate the human, animal, and environmental health dimensions applicable globally in public health scenarios.