Tonotopic Specialization of MYO7A Isoforms in Auditory Hair Cells

Mutations in Myo7a cause Usher syndrome type 1B and non-syndromic deafness, but the precise function of MYO7A in sensory hair cells remains unclear. We identify and characterize a novel isoform, MYO7A-N, expressed in auditory hair cells alongside the canonical MYO7A-C. Isoform-specific knock-in mice reveal that inner hair cells primarily express MYO7A-C, while outer hair cells express both isoforms in opposing tonotopic gradients. Both localize to the upper tip-link insertion site, consistent with a role in the tip link for mechanotransduction. Loss of MYO7A-N leads to outer hair cell degeneration and progressive hearing loss. Cryo-EM structures reveal isoform-specific differences at actomyosin interfaces, correlating with distinct ATPase activities. These findings reveal an unexpected layer of molecular diversity within the mechanotransduction machinery. We propose that MYO7A isoform specialization enables fine-tuning of tip-link tension, thus hearing sensitivity, and contributes to the frequency-resolving power of the cochlea.