Hypertension Prevalence and Associated Factors in HIV Positive Women at Kicukiro, Kigali, Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
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Background
Hypertension is a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited healthcare access. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) face an increased risk due to prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, chronic inflammation, and lifestyle factors. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among WLHIV in Kigali, Rwanda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 WLHIV aged 18 and older on ART at Kicukiro Health Center. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on demographics, ART use, lifestyle, and health conditions, along with standardized physical measurements. Descriptive statistics and log-binomial regression models were used to determine associations between independent variables and hypertension.
Results
The hypertension prevalence was 10.1%. Comorbidities were significantly associated with an increased risk (aPR 6.97, 95% CI 2.93,16.55, p < 0.001), as was alcohol consumption (aPR 3.58, 95% CI 1.28,10.07, p = 0.015). In contrast, higher education (aPR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13,0.78, p = 0.012), contraceptive use (aPR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16,0.91, p = 0.030), and work-related physical activity (aPR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06,0.83, p = 0.025) were associated with a lower risk.
Conclusion
This study suggests the need to integrate hypertension management into HIV care programs, emphasizing comorbidity control, lifestyle modifications, and physical activity promotion. Targeted interventions, such as health education on alcohol risks and cardiovascular health, could help reduce hypertension prevalence among WLHIV in Rwanda, improving long-term health outcomes and quality of life.
