Characterization of Demographics, Drug Latency, and Mortality of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions in an FDA Pharmacovigilance Database
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Background
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are rare, life-threatening conditions associated with drug exposure. These conditions differ globally in causative agents, demographics, and drug latency (time between drug administration and adverse reaction). We provide a comprehensive survey of SCAR in a pharmacovigilance database maintained by the FDA.
Methods
After sanitization, the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) database from January 2004 to December 2003 was queried for SCAR cases. Disproportionality analyses measured associations between drugs and SCAR. Random forests were used to determine the influence of covariates on latency and mortality.
Findings
A total of 56,683 SCAR cases were reported, comprising 0.33% of total reports. 49.4% were female (28008). The median age of SCAR patients was 53 (interquartile range [IQR] 32-68), with significant differences in age between phenotypes. There has been an increase in SCAR reporting over time, particularly biologics and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Over 200 drugs had positive disproportionality signals. Several cases co-reported two of SJS-TEN, DRESS, and/or AGEP, indicating the possibility of intermediate phenotypes. TTE analysis showed causative drug is the most influential variable on drug latency, followed by number of concomitant drugs. Mortality varied between SCAR and increased with age and number of concomitant drugs.
Interpretation
This largest retrospective study of SCAR to date shows the variety of phenotypes, causative agents, demographic variables, drug latencies, and mortality in this population. This study demonstrates the power of using pharmacovigilance databases to study rare reactions. Continued mining of these databases, retrospective analyses of electronic health records, and prospective data can expand upon these results, better characterize variations, and improve recognition and care for patients with SCAR.
Funding
National Institutes of Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
