Social context and dopamine signaling converge in the mushroom body to drive impulsivity

Organisms adapt their behaviors flexibly in response to various internal and environmental factors. However, how and where these factors converge in the brain to alter behavior is not well understood. In this study, we examine how social context interacts with dopamine activity to influence inhibitory control in Drosophila . We found that, regardless of social context—whether isolated or in groups—wild-type flies consistently showed strong movement suppression in a go/no-go task that measures action restraint. In contrast, flies with enhanced dopamine activity suppressed their movements when tested alone or with potential mates but exhibited impulsive behaviors when exposed to same-sex peers. This social-context-dependent impulsivity was shown to rely on dopamine-D1 receptor-cAMP signaling in mushroom body (MB) neurons. Remarkably, activating the MB was sufficient to induce impulsivity, even without dopamine input or a social context. Our findings highlight MB as a critical hub where social context and dopamine signaling converge to regulate impulsive behavior in Drosophila .