Epidermal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles induce fibroblasts mesenchymal-epidermal transition to alleviate hypertrophic scar via the miR-200s/ZEBs axis

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a prevalent yet unresolved wound healing complication characterized by persistent hyperactive and proliferative fibroblasts, leading to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and collagen contraction. Our previous studies have identified epidermal stem cells (ESCs) as critical for wound healing and HS remodeling, with its extracellular vesicles (EVs) playing a vital role. However, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we first discovered that ESC-EVs could effectively induce the mesenchymal-epidermal transition (MET) of HS fibroblasts (HSFs) and inhibit their biological activity. Furthermore, by next-generation sequencing and multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 system, we elucidated that this therapeutic effect is mediated by the miR-200 family (miR-200s) encapsulated in ESC-EVs, which targeted and inhibited ZEB1 and ZEB2 in HSFs. This vital role and mechanism have been thoroughly validated in both in vitro cell experiments and in vivo rat tail HS (RHS) models. These findings not only shed light on a previously unidentified mechanism of ESC-EVs for HS, but also provide potential novel targets and strategies for its precise treatment.