Linalool and trans -nerolidol prevent pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in adult zebrafish
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Ethnopharmacological relevance
linalool (LIN) and trans -nerolidol (NER) are terpene alcohols found in high concentrations in plant-derived essential oils used as a traditional treatment in many cultures. Several studies evaluating the effects of these essential oils and their isolated compounds have shown antiseizure, sedative, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties in acute seizure models both in vitro and in vivo . Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to LIN or NER on a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio ).
Methods
240 adult wild-type zebrafish were randomly allocated to the experimental groups: control (dechlorinated water), 1% DMSO (vehicle), diazepam (50 µM DZP), and LIN or NER (4, 40 and 400 µM). Animals were exposed to the treatment solution (400 mL) for 10 minutes, taken to a washout beaker (dechlorinated water, 400 mL) for 5 minutes, and recorded in the test apparatus containing 10 mM PTZ for 20 minutes. Experienced researchers conducted a blinded analysis of behavioral seizure phenotypes using BORIS® software. Additionally, locomotor activity was evaluated through ANY-Maze™ tracking software, ensuring precise and unbiased assessment of movement behaviors.
Results
the highest concentration of LIN (400 µM) and NER (40 and 400 µM) increased the latency to reach clonic and tonic-like seizure stages while decreasing the seizure intensity. Interestingly, NER has shown a larger effect size than the positive control group DZP, and at a concentration of 40 µM, increased locomotor behavior.
Conclusion
our findings show the antiseizure properties of LIN and NER in zebrafish acutely exposed to PTZ, delaying the time to reach the highest seizure stages and decreasing seizure intensity. These results are consistent with previous experiments conducted in mice and amplify the external validity of these compounds, highlighting their potential as antiseizure remedy candidates.
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