Automated characterisation of cerebral microbleeds using their size and spatial distribution on brain MR images

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are small, hypointense hemosiderin deposits in the brain measuring around 2-10 mm in diameter. As one of the important biomarkers of small vessel disease, they have been associated with various neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Hence, automated detection, and subsequent extraction of clinically useful metrics (e.g., size and spatial distribution) from CMBs are essential for investigating their clinical impact, especially in large-scale studies. While some work has been done for CMB segmentation, extraction of clinically relevant information is not yet explored. Herein, we propose the first automated method to characterise CMBs using their size and spatial distribution i.e., CMB count in three regions (and their sub-structures) used in microbleed anatomical rating scale (MARS): infratentorial, deep and lobar. Our method uses structural atlases of the brain for determining individual regions. On an intracerebral haemorrhage study dataset, we achieve a mean absolute error of 2mm for size estimation and an overall accuracy > 90% for automated rating. The code and the atlas of MARS regions in MNI space are publicly available.