Association between body roundness index and myopia among US adolescents: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2001-2006
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Background
This study analyzed the association between body roundness index (BRI) and myopia in adolescents in the United States.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed the data of a nationally representative survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2001 to 2006. Among the 7078 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, 3915 participants were selected for review. BRI, a new obesity assessment index that evaluates visceral fat, was classified into four groups: Q1,< 2.083; Q2, 2.083 to 2.724; Q3, 2.725 to 4.004; Q4, ≥ 4.005. Myopia was defined as SE≤-0.50 diopters (D). Weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were performed to evaluate the association between BRI and myopia. Additionally, subgroup and sensitivity analysis was applied.
Results
The prevalence of myopia was 39.4%. Adolescents who are older, have a larger waist circumference, a lower level of vitamin D, a relatively low PIR level, and a higher waist-height ratio (WHtR) are more likely to have a higher BRI. We found a positive association between BRI and myopia before and after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio [OR] = 1.057, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016-1.100, P < 0.01; OR = 1.049, 95%CI: 1.009-1.090, P =0.022). Specifically, after full adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, PIR, guardians’ education, Vitamin D, physical activity, screen time, adolescents in Q4 were 26.1% more likely to develop myopia compared to adolescents in Q1 (OR=1.261, 95% CI:1.046-1.521, P =0.022). There was a general linear trend between BRI and myopia (all P values for trend <0.001) and nonlinear association (all P for nonlinear < 0.05). Subgroup analysis conducted after full adjustment demonstrated positive associations between BRI and myopia in Mexican American adolescents (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.19, P =0.001), women (OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15, P <0.001), those guardians with educational levels lower than high school (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14, P =0.004), those with PIR < 1.30 (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01-1.14, P =0.037) and those with high physical activity (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13, P <0.001). Sensitivity analysis was applied using weighted ordinal logistic regressions to explore the relationship of BRI with degrees of myopia. The results remained stable after adjusting for potential confounding factors, consistent with the results of BRI and myopia.
Conclusions
This study assessed that in adolescents, an increase in BRI was associated with an increased risk of myopia, especially in women. Additionally, there was a nonlinear association between BRI and myopia. This study aimed to increase public awareness of BRI values, a novel measure of obesity, and that maintaining a moderate BRI can help reduce the risk of myopia.
