Emergence of Pre-movement Beta Activity with Stable Sensorimotor Predictions to Facilitate Motor Adjustments

Daily, we adapt to perturbations to maintain efficient performance, especially when transitioning between environments with different features. Such an adaptative process relies on updating motor programs based on past errors, a process associated with beta oscillations (13-35 Hz). Yet, the spatio-temporal dynamics underlying the transition between different environments, and the updating of motor programs in response to specific environmental perturbations remain elusive. Here, we show for the first time that pre-movement beta activity in a cerebello-cortical network emerges as the features of a new environment and motor outcomes become more stable and predictable. Notably, the cerebellum and parietal cortex drive prefrontal activity near movement initiation to update these predictions. Using a single-trial approach, we reveal that pre-movement beta bursts predict the evolution of trial-by-trial motor adjustments within a stable environment. These findings demonstrate that pre-movement beta activity within cerebellar-cortical network encodes essential information for achieving efficient sensorimotor predictions following environmental changes.