Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genes in stable fly- and manure-derived bacterial isolates from clinically relevant taxa in dairy settings
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Aims
This study aimed to characterize and compare the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of clinically relevant bacterial taxa isolated from biting stable flies ( Stomoxys spp.) and bovine manure samples collected at a dairy research facility over the course of an entire fly breeding season. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) was also examined.
Methods and results
A total of 606 fly- and 180 manure-derived strains were tested via disk diffusion for susceptibility to commonly administered antibiotics used in veterinary and human medicine. A small percentage of Enterobacterales exhibited resistance to the tested antimicrobials, including ceftiofur and other beta-lactam antibiotics. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes (TEM, CTX, OXA, CMY) were detected by PCR amplification in ceftiofur-resistant Escherichia coli , Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp. isolates. We additionally identified pirlimycin-resistant Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus spp. isolates encoding lnuA , a lincosamide resistance gene found primarily on small mobilizable plasmids.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the significance of stable flies in the carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains and plasmid-associated ARGs on dairy farms.
