Cultural Stigma, Psychological Distress and Help-Seeking: Moderating role of Self-esteem and Self-stigma
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Background/Objective: Mental illness is a common and often stigmatized condition. Stigma around mental illness refers to the negative attitudes and beliefs society holds about individuals with mental health conditions, and can sometimes prevent those individuals from seeking adequate therapy. This study aims to explore the intricate relation between stigma, psychological distress, self-confidence and help-seeking behavior among young adults with diagnosed mental illnesses. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was shared via digital platforms between February 2023 and August 2024. A total of 245 participants from various educational backgrounds and located in different Lebanese regions participated in the study and filled demographics data as well as assessments for stigma (Stigma Scale), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale), help seeking (Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help -short form (ATSPPH-SF)), distress (Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K6)) and self-stigma (Self-Stigma Questionnaire (SSQ)). Results: Results from our multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between high levels of stigma and low self-esteem scores, high levels of stigma and high psychological distress, as well as negative attitudes towards seeking professional help. We mostly found that fear of individuals with mental illnesses, prejudice and lack of enough knowledge and awareness were driving reasons for current stigma around mental health in Lebanon. Conclusion: Stigma remains a pervasive condition leading to more mental health suffering, decreased self-esteem and lower tendencies to seek help. These inaccurate beliefs and stereotypes lead to fear, avoidance and overall discomfort, vis-à-vis people with mental distress perceived as unpredictable, impulsive and dangerous. It is important for public policy makers within collectivist culture to better address these misconceptions and promote help-seeking attitudes.
