Working Memory Bridges Cognition, Emotion, and Brain Structure: A Multilayer Network Analysis of the Human Connectome Project-Young Adult

Multilayer network analyses allow for the exploration of complex relationships across different modalities. Specifically, this study employed a novel method that integrates psychometric networks with structural covariance networks to explore the relationships between cognition, emotion and the brain. Psychological (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery) and anatomical MRI (cortical volume) data were extracted from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset ( n =1113). Partial correlation networks with graphical lasso regularisation and extended Bayesian information criterion tuning were used to model a psychometric bi-layer network consisting of seven cognitive nodes and four emotion nodes, as well as a neuro-psychometric tri-layer network consisting of these same nodes in addition to 24 brain nodes from the central executive and salience networks. Bridge strength centrality was used to identify nodes that bridged between layers. For the bi-layer network, it was found that stress was the most central bridge node. For the tri-layer network, it was found that working memory was the most central bridge node and that the right inferior parietal gyrus was the most central brain bridge node. The findings demonstrate the utility of multilayer networks in integrating multiple modalities of data for the potential identification of targets to improve psychological wellbeing.