Characterizing the Responses of Camelina and Sorghum to Environmental Stress through a Multi-Modal Approach

Due to their sessile nature, plants are unable to escape environmental factors that negatively impact health, resulting in losses to agricultural productivity. Rapid, non-invasive tools to detect plant stress response are essential for optimizing resource efficiency and mitigating the effects of extreme environmental pressures. However, many existing methods are either invasive, incompatible with other measurement techniques, or have not been applied to a wide range of varying environmental factors. In this study, we assess the physiological responses of four week old camelina ( Camelina sativa ) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) to chitosan, cold, drought, and both acute and chronic salt stress. Several plant characteristics were measured in parallel during stress exposure, including fluorescence and gas exchange parameters (MultispeQ and LI-6800), tissue electrical impedance with wearable biosensors (Multi-PIP), and biochemical properties via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We compiled unique profiles for whole plant physiological changes in response to environmental stress, demonstrating that certain aspects of plant health and makeup underwent alterations on differing temporal scales. This finding emphasizes the need for a comprehensive multi-modal approach to rapidly and accurately perform remote sensing of plant health in the field. Physiological parameters such as leaf impedance were also observed to rapidly change in response to treatment and can be leveraged to detect very early signs of plant perturbation. This research establishes the utility of a holistic phenotyping approach to inform agricultural strategies aimed at enhancing crop resilience under changing environmental conditions.