A systematised review of seasonal influenza case-fatality risk
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Case-fatality risk (CFR) is an important indicator of disease severity for influenza infection. However, estimates based on laboratory-confirmed cases (cCFR) are more-highly sensitive to features of the local health-care system and surveillance. Estimates based on diagnosed-symptomatic cases (sCFR) are more consistent across health systems but less commonly reported. We present a systematised review of sCFR for seasonal influenza. We identified 10 studies reporting sCFR, or primary data for its direct estimation, resulting in 40 location and season-specific point estimates (range 0.3-908 per 100,000 cases). The wide variation across studies and lack of studies in many world regions point to the need for standardised protocols and more data collection.
