Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Tumor Treating Fields System for Glioblastoma Therapy: From Prototype Design to Preclinical Evaluation

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Tumor Treating Fields (TTF) therapy, which uses alternating electric fields to disrupt cancer cell division, has emerged as a promising non-invasive treatment. However, the development and optimization of TTF systems remain challenging, with limited studies detailing the design and practical application of such systems. In this study, we developed a novel TTF prototype, focusing on the design and fabrication of key components such as the electrical signal regulation, transmission and corresponding therapeutic effects. We evaluated the system’s efficacy through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro , we demonstrated significant inhibition of GBM cell proliferation under varying electric field intensities, with stronger fields showing greater efficacy. In vivo studies using a rat glioblastoma model revealed reduced tumor growth, increased apoptosis, and enhanced immune infiltration in the TTF-treated group compared to controls. This comprehensive study provides a valuable reference for TTF system development, offering insights into both the technical design and biological application of TTF therapy, and highlighting its potential for improving GBM treatment outcomes.