Whole genome resequencing of a global collection of Napier grass ( Cenchrus purpureus ) to explore global population structure and QTL governing yield and feed quality traits

Napier grass ( Cenchrus purpureus ) is a C ₄ perennial grass species native to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), primarily used to feed cattle in SSA. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of 450 Napier grass individuals, sourced from 20 different countries. More than 170 million DNA variants (SNPs and Indels) were detected, of which ∼1% informative SNPs were used to assess genetic diversity in the collection. Our resequencing study provided valuable insights into the genetic diversity across a global Napier grass collection. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study on two independent populations, identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) that were significantly associated with desirable agronomic traits, such as biomass yield, nitrogen and cellulose content. Therefore, our results will serve as a valuable resource in safeguarding and unravelling the patterns of Napier grass genetic diversity, in the face of climate change, and spearhead genomics-based breeding programs to develop high-yielding and drought-tolerant varieties suitable for forage and biofuel production.