Entorhinal grid-like codes for visual space during memory formation

Eye movements, such as saccades, allow us to gather information about the environment and, in this way, can shape memory. In non-human primates, saccades are associated with the activity of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex. Grid cells are essential for spatial navigation, but whether saccade-based grid-like signals play a role in human memory formation is currently unclear. Here, human participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and continuous eye gaze monitoring while studying scene images. Recognition memory was probed immediately thereafter. Results revealed saccade-based grid-like codes in the left entorhinal cortex while participants studied the scene images, a finding that was replicated with an independent data set reported here. The grid-related effects were time-locked to activation increases in the frontal eye fields. Most importantly, saccade-based grid-like codes were associated with recognition memory, such that grid-like codes were lower the better participants performed in subsequently recognizing the scene images. Collectively, our findings suggest an entorhinal map of visual space that is timed with neural activity in oculomotor regions, supporting memory formation.