Properties of Alzheimer’s disease brain-derived tau aggregates define tau processing by human astrocytes

The templated misfolding of tau proteins accounts for tau pathology spread in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation at specific residues, are closely linked with tau seeding ability and clinical disease progression. Increasing evidence supports a contributing role for astrocytes in tau spread. This study demonstrates that tau aggregates from postmortem AD brain are internalized and processed by human astrocytes. Differences in the efficiency of tau internalization, clearance and/or seeding were noted, which may reflect molecular properties of tau. Notably, we observed a direct relationship between alterations in tau handling by astrocytes and astrocyte responses, which were evident in transcriptomic data. Dysregulated genes include several previously identified as upregulated in reactive astrocytes in AD brain, as well as being implicated in pathological tau clearance by autophagy and other pathways. The study provides new insights into the complex interplay between tau molecular diversity and astrocyte responses in AD.