Role of the antiparallel double-stranded filament form of FtsA in activating the Escherichia coli divisome

The actin-like FtsA protein is essential for function of the cell division machinery, or divisome, in many bacteria including Escherichia coli . Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that purified wild-type FtsA assembles into closed mini-rings on lipid membranes, but oligomeric variants of FtsA such as FtsA ^R286W and FtsA ^G50E can bypass certain divisome defects and form arc and double-stranded (DS) oligomeric states, respectively, which may reflect conversion of an inactive to an active form of FtsA. Yet, it remains unproven which oligomeric forms of FtsA are responsible for assembling and activating the divisome. Here we used an in vivo crosslinking assay for FtsA DS filaments to show that they largely depend on proper divisome assembly and are prevalent at later stages of cell division. We also used a previously reported variant that fails to assemble DS filaments, FtsA ^{M96E R153D} , to investigate the roles of FtsA oligomeric states in divisome assembly and activation. We show that FtsA ^{M96E R153D} cannot form DS filaments in vivo , fails to replace native FtsA, and confers a dominant negative phenotype, underscoring the importance of the DS filament stage for FtsA function. Surprisingly, however, activation of the divisome through the ftsL * or ftsW * superfission alleles suppressed the dominant negative phenotype and rescued the functionallity of FtsAM96E R153D. Our results suggest that FtsA DS filaments are needed for divisome activation once it is assembled, but they are not essential for divisome assembly or guiding septum synthesis.