Metadichol® induced expression of the TLR family of receptors in PBMCs

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental components of the innate immune system and function as the primary sensors of invading pathogens by recognizing prevalent microbial compounds. The expression of all ten transcription factors belonging to the TLR family (1–10), with the exception of TLR4, exhibited an inverted U-shaped reaction to metadichol, a nanoemulsion composed of long-chain alcohol, as determined by the Q-RT□PCR assay. The response pattern suggested that low, moderate, and high concentrations directly affect TLR expression. This may indicate a dual-phase or dose-dependent effect on the immune system regarding TLR regulation. Compounds targeting TLRs can stimulate or inhibit these receptors, thereby affecting the immune response. Adjusting immunological activation, crucial for therapeutic purposes in conditions such as inflammation, cancer, infection, allergies, and autoimmune diseases, requires an inverse U-shaped response. Currently, no single-molecule examples can elicit the activation of every Toll-like receptor (TLR). This study examined the expression levels of all ten Toll-like receptors (TLRs), MYD88, and the downstream genes IRAK4, TRAF3, and TRIF. Metadichol expresses all the 15 genes.