Genomic diversity in Paenibacillus polymyxa : Unveiling distinct species groups and functional variability

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a bacterial species of high interest, as suggested by the increased number of publications on its functions in the past years. Accordingly, the number of described strains and sequenced genomes is also on the rise. While functional diversity was repeatedly suggested for this species, the available genomic data is now sufficient to confidently segregate strains affiliated to P. polymyxa into two major species groups. As these strains exhibit considerable potential in agriculture, medicine, and bioremediation, it is preferable to clarify their taxonomic affiliation to facilitate reliable and durable approval as active ingredients. Strains currently affiliated to P. polymyxa can be separated into two major species groups with differential potential in nitrogen fixation, plant interaction, secondary metabolism, and antimicrobial resistance, as inferred from genomic data.