Quality of Care at childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings of the IMAgiNE EURO study in Belgium

To examine quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) around childbirth in facilities in Belgium during the COVID-19 pandemic and trends over time.

Design

A cross-sectional observational study.

Setting

Data of the IMAgiNE EURO study in Belgium. Participants

Women giving birth in a Belgian facility from March 1, 2020, to May 1, 2023, responded a validated online questionnaire based on 40 WHO standards-based quality measures organised in four domains: provision of care, experience of care, availability of resources, and organizational changes related to COVID-19.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Quantile regression analysis was performed to assess predictors of QMNC; trends over time were tested with the Mann-Kendall test.

Results

897 women were included in the analysis, 67%(n=601) with spontaneous vaginal birth, 13.3%(n=119) with instrumental vaginal birth and 19.7%(n=177) with cesarean section. We found high QMNC scores but also specific gaps in all domains of QMNC. On provision of care, 21.0%(n=166) of women who experienced labor and 14.7%(n=26) of women with a cesarean reported inadequate pain relief; 64.7%(n=74) of women with an instrumental birth reported fundal pressure and 72.3% (n=86) reported that forceps or vacuum cup was used without their consent. On experience of care, 31.1%(n=279) reported unclear communication, 32.9%(n=295) reported that they were not involved in choices,11.5%(n=104) stated not being treated with dignity and 8.1%(n=73) experienced abuse. Related to resources, almost half of the women reported an inadequate number of healthcare professionals (46.2%, n=414). The multivariable analyses showed significantly lower QMNC scores for women with an instrumental vaginal birth. Over time there was a significant increase in QMNC score for ‘experience of care’ and ‘key organizational changes due to COVID-19’.

Conclusions and relevance

Although overall QMNC scores were high, findings also suggest gaps in QMNC. Underlying causes of these gaps should be explored to design appropriate interventions and policies.