Extracellular matrix dependent regulation of Septin 7 in focal adhesions promotes mechanosensing and response in fibroblasts

Fibroblasts are contractile adherent cells that maintain tissue homeostasis by sensing a wide array of changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and in response, regulate the physical and compositional properties of the ECM. These diverse cues are sensed by focal adhesions (FAs) that differentially couple changes in the ECM to the actomyosin machinery via modulation of integrin activation and the resultant recruitment of several proteins. One such protein is Septin-7 (Sept-7) that belongs to the septin family and has been found in FA proteomics and interactome studies. Sept-7 however, is not considered an FA protein and is thought to regulate and be regulated by actin outside of FAs. To reconcile these differences, here we used total internal reflection microscopy to image Sept-7 localization and dynamics at the cell-ECM interface and found that that ECM-mediated integrin activation in fibroblasts regulates the formation of spatially distinct higher order Sept-7 structures at FA subpopulations. In and around FAs located in the perinuclear regions of the cell, ECM binding resulted in the formation and stabilization of Sept-7 bundles while ECM binding and complete integrin activation promoted the growth of FA-like elongated Sept-7 structures that dynamically associated with the core of peripheral FAs. Functionally, peripheral Sept-7 structures promoted the elongation of peripheral FAs while perinuclear Sept-7 bundles were critical in regulating the maturation and stabilization of perinuclear FAs. Due to this coupling between the ECM, integrin activation and regulation of Sept-7 structures, we found that Sept-7 is required for a wide range of ECM sensing functions in fibroblasts including modulating sensitivity to changes in ECM stiffness and density and in contributing to the cells ability to remodel the ECM. Collectively, our results show that Sept-7 is an FA protein that gets recruited and assembled in diverse higher order structures in an ECM dependent manner to differentially regulate FA subpopulations and promote mechanosensing and ECM remodelling functions in fibroblasts.