Prevalent and persistent new-onset autoantibodies in mild to severe COVID-19
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Abstract
Autoantibodies have been shown to be implied in COVID-19 but the emerging autoantibody repertoire remains largely unexplored. We investigated the new-onset autoantibody repertoire in 525 healthcare workers and hospitalized COVID-19 patients at five time points over a 16-month period in 2020 and 2021 using proteome-wide and targeted protein and peptide arrays. Our results show that prevalent new-onset autoantibodies against a wide range of antigens emerged following SARS-CoV-2 infection in relation to pre-infectious baseline samples and remained elevated for at least 12 months. We found an increased prevalence of new-onset autoantibodies after severe COVID-19 and demonstrated associations between distinct new-onset autoantibodies and neuropsychiatric symptoms post-COVID-19. Using epitope mapping, we determined the main epitopes of selected new-onset autoantibodies, validated them in independent cohorts of neuro-COVID and pre-pandemic healthy controls, and identified sequence similarities suggestive of molecular mimicry between main epitopes and the conserved fusion peptide of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Our work describes the complexity and dynamics of the autoantibody repertoire emerging with COVID-19 and supports the need for continued analysis of the new-onset autoantibody repertoire to elucidate the mechanisms of the post-COVID-19 condition.
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Siddharth Sridhar, James Yiu-Hung Tsoi
Review 3: "Prevalent and Persistent New-Onset Autoantibodies in Mild to Severe COVID-19"
The findings suggest that novel autoantibodies identified in the study may serve as important biomarkers for predicting the onset and persistence of autoimmune diseases in individuals affected by COVID-19.
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Marvin J Fritzler
Review 2: "Prevalent and Persistent New-Onset Autoantibodies in Mild to Severe COVID-19"
The findings suggest that novel autoantibodies identified in the study may serve as important biomarkers for predicting the onset and persistence of autoimmune diseases in individuals affected by COVID-19.
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Terry O Harville
Review 1: "Prevalent and Persistent New-Onset Autoantibodies in Mild to Severe COVID-19"
The findings suggest that novel autoantibodies identified in the study may serve as important biomarkers for predicting the onset and persistence of autoimmune diseases in individuals affected by COVID-19.
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Strength of evidence
Reviewers: T O Harville (University of Arkansas) | 📒📒📒 ◻️◻️
M J Fritzler (University of Calgary) | 📒📒📒◻️◻️
S Sridhar & J Y Tsoi(University of Hong Kong) | 📒📒📒◻️◻️ -
