Mitochondrial fission surveillance is coupled to Caenorhabditis elegans DNA and chromosome segregation integrity

Mitochondrial fission and fusion are tightly regulated to specify mitochondrial abundance, localization, and arrangement during cell division as well as in the diverse differentiated cell types and physiological states. However, the regulatory pathways for such mitochondrial dynamics are less explored than the mitochondrial fission and fusion components. Here we report a large-scale screen for genes that regulate mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial fission defects cause a characteristic asymmetric fluorescent pattern in embryos carrying mitochondrial stress reporter genes. Using this asymmetric activation, we performed RNAi screens that identified 3 kinase genes from a ∼500-kinase library and another 11 genes from 3,300 random genes that function in mitochondrial fission. Many of these identified genes play roles in chromosome segregation. We find that chromosome missegregation and genome instability lead to dysregulation of mitochondrial fission in a manner independent of Drp-1. ATL-1, the C. elegans ATR orthologue, plays a protective role in alleviating the mitochondrial fission defect caused by chromosome missegregation. This establishes a screening paradigm for identifying mitochondrial fission regulators which reveals the role of ATR in surveilling mitochondrial fission to mitigate dysregulation caused by improper chromosome segregation.