Epidemiological and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in children during the outbreak of Omicron Variant in Shanghai, March 7-March 31, 2022
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Abstract
Objectives
To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stage of Omicron variant outbreak in Shanghai.
Methods
This study included local COVID-19 cases <18 years in Shanghai referred to the exclusively designated hospital by the end of March 2022 since emergence of Omicron epidemic. Clinical data, epidemiological exposure and COVID-19 vaccination status were collected. Relative risks (RR) were calculated to assess the effect of vaccination on symptomatic infection and febrile disease.
Results
A total of 376 pediatric cases of COVID-19 (median age:6.0±4.2 years) were referred to the designated hospital during the period of March 7-31, including 257 (68.4%) symptomatic cases and 119 (31.6%) asymptomatic cases. Of the 307 (81.6%) children;3 years eligible for COVID-19 vaccination, 110 (40.4%) received 2-dose vaccines and 16 (4.0%) received 1-dose vaccine. The median interval between 2-dose vaccination and infection was 3.5 (IQR: 3, 4.5) months (16 days-7 months). Two-dose COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risks of symptomatic infection and febrile disease by 35% (RR 0.65, 95% CI:0.53-0.79) and 33% (RR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.51-0.81). Two hundred and sixteen (83.4%) symptomatic cases had fever (mean duration: 1.7±1.0.8 days), 104 (40.2%) had cough, 16.4% had transient leukopenia; 307 (81.6%) had an epidemiological exposure in household (69.1%), school (21.8%) and residential area (8.8%).
Conclusion
The surge of pediatric COVID-19 cases and multiple transmission model reflect wide dissemination of Omicron variant in the community. Asymptomatic infection is common among Omicron-infected children. COVID-19 vaccination can offer protection against symptomatic infection and febrile disease.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2022.04.28.22274421: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Informed consent from parents was not required by the ethics committee because all data were de-identified and not involved in personal privacy.
IRB: Informed consent from parents was not required by the ethics committee because all data were de-identified and not involved in personal privacy.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical analysis: Data was entered into Excel version 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington) for analysis and the statistical analysis was preformed using SPSS (IBM Statistic 23.0). Excelsuggested: NoneSPSSsuggested: …SciScore for 10.1101/2022.04.28.22274421: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Informed consent from parents was not required by the ethics committee because all data were de-identified and not involved in personal privacy.
IRB: Informed consent from parents was not required by the ethics committee because all data were de-identified and not involved in personal privacy.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical analysis: Data was entered into Excel version 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington) for analysis and the statistical analysis was preformed using SPSS (IBM Statistic 23.0). Excelsuggested: NoneSPSSsuggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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