CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS OF CO-INFECTION OF COVID-19, TUBERCULOSIS AND OPPORTUNISTIC PULMONARY INFECTIONS IN LATE-STAGE HIV PATIENTS
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Abstract
Objective
The purpose of the study was to investigate the specific features of clinical manifestations and diagnosis of co-infection of COVID-19, tuberculosis and opportunistic pulmonary infections in late-stage HIV patients.
Design
27 patients with co-infection of COVID-19, tuberculosis, opportunistic pulmonary infections and late-stage HIV infection with immunodeficiency without antiretroviral therapy (group 1) and 27 patients with equivalent parameters but without COVID-19 (group 2) were examined.
Results
The patients of the group 1 and group 2 are the persons with social maladjustment and substance addiction. All of them have concomitant viral hepatitis B/C, COPD, opportunistic pulmonary infections and similar clinical and radiological manifestations, which can only be differentiated with microbiological and molecular genetic studies. The patients with co-infection of COVID-19, tuberculosis and HIV pose a high risk of transmission of infection to healthy persons in view of non-adherence to examination and treatment.
Conclusion
To prevent the spread of infection among the healthy population, it is necessary to arrange in a mandatory manner an active and regular COVID-19 testing of all patients with tuberculosis/HIV co-infection, especially of late-stage HIV patients without antiretroviral therapy, in the tuberculosis care unit for HIV-infected persons at the tuberculosis dispensary.
Setting
There are few data on the specific features of clinical manifestations of co-infection of COVID-19, tuberculosis (TB) and opportunistic pulmonary infections (OPI) in late-stage HIV patients with immunodeficiency.
Objective
Study purpose is to investigate the specific features of clinical manifestations and diagnosis of co-infection of COVID-19, TB and OPI in late-stage HIV patients with immunodeficiency.
Design
Fifty-four (54) patients admitted for inpatient treatment at the TB Clinical Hospital N 3 named after Zakharyin were enrolled in this prospective study. The participants were assigned to two groups: group 1 (main) and group 2 (comparison group). Group 1 consisted of twenty-seven (27) aged 28-52 patients (18 men (66.7 ± 9.1%) and 9 women (33.3 ± 9.1%)) with known co-infection of COVID-19, sputum smear-positive for M. tuberculosis (MBT) pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and with late-stage HIV infection in progression phase without antiretroviral therapy (ART). Group 2 included 27 patients who were selected using the “copy-pair” method and were completely identical to the patients of the main group (with virtually the same age, sex, social parameters and clinical and laboratory indicators), but without diagnosis of COVID-19.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2022.04.26.22274235: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter:…
SciScore for 10.1101/2022.04.26.22274235: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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