Undiagnosed COVID-19 in households with a child with mitochondrial disease
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Abstract
Background
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medically fragile populations, who are at higher risk of severe illness and sequelae, has not been well characterized. Viral infection is a major cause of morbidity in children with mitochondrial disease (MtD), and the COVID-19 pandemic represents an opportunity to study this vulnerable population.
Methods
A convenience sampling cross-sectional serology study was conducted (October 2020 to June 2021) in households (N = 20) containing a child with MtD (N = 22). Samples (N = 83) were collected in the home using a microsampling apparatus and shipped to investigators. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (IgG), spike protein (IgG, IgM, IgA), and receptor binding domain (IgG, IgM, IgA) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
While only 4.8% of participants were clinically diagnosed for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 75.9% of study participants were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Most samples were IgM positive for spike or RBD (70%), indicating that infection was recent. This translated to all 20 families showing evidence of infection in at least one household member. For the children with MtD, 91% had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and had not experienced any adverse outcomes at the time of assessment. For children with recent infections (IgM + only), serologic data suggest household members as a source.
Conclusions
COVID-19 was highly prevalent and undiagnosed in households with a child with MtD through the 2020-2021 winter wave of the pandemic. In this first major wave, children with MtD tolerated SARS-CoV-2 infection well, potentially due to household adherence to CDC recommendations for risk mitigation.
Funding
This study was funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (HG200381-03).
Clinical trial number
NCT04419870
Article activity feed
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SciScore for 10.1101/2022.03.21.22272358: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Consent was obtained prior to study enrollment.
IRB: This study was approved by the National Institutes of Health Institutional Review Board.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistics: Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel ( Microsoft Excelsuggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)(Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and Graph Pad Prism (San Diego, CA). Graph Pad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open …
SciScore for 10.1101/2022.03.21.22272358: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Consent was obtained prior to study enrollment.
IRB: This study was approved by the National Institutes of Health Institutional Review Board.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistics: Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel ( Microsoft Excelsuggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)(Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and Graph Pad Prism (San Diego, CA). Graph Pad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:
Identifier Status Title NCT04419870 Recruiting Acute Infection in Mitochondrial Disease: Metabolism, Infect… Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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