Neutralizing responses in fully vaccinated with BNT162b2, CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, and Ad26.COV2.S against SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Colombia, 2020-2021

  1. Diego A. Álvarez-Díaz
  2. Ana Luisa Muñoz
  3. María T. Herrera-Sepúlveda
  4. Pilar Tavera-Rodríguez
  5. Katherine Laiton-Donato
  6. Carlos Franco-Muñoz
  7. Héctor Alejandro Ruiz-Moreno
  8. Dioselina Pelaez-Carvajal
  9. Alejandra M. Muñoz-Suarez
  10. Marisol Galindo
  11. Jhonnatan Reales-Gonzalez
  12. Jenssy D. Catama
  13. Beatriz Helena De Arco
  14. Tatiana Cobos
  15. Edgar J. Arias-Ramirez
  16. Marcela Mercado-Reyes

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Abstract

Background

By March 2022, around 34 million people in Colombia had received a complete scheme of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) including, mRNA-based vaccines, viral vectored coronavirus vaccines, or the inactivated whole virus vaccine. However, as several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) and interest (VOI) co-circulate in the country, determining the resistance level to vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) is useful to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination programs.

Methods

Microneutralization assays with the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Colombia during 2020-2021 were performed using serum samples from immunologically naïve individuals between 9 and 13 weeks after receiving complete regimens of CoronaVac, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, or Ad26.COV2.S. The mean neutralization titer (MN50) was calculated by the Reed–Muench method and used to determine differences in vaccine-elicited nAbs against the SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.111, P.1 (Gamma), B.1.621 (Mu), and AY.25.1 (Delta).

Results

The most administered vaccines in the country, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac, elicited significantly different nAb responses against Mu, as the GMTs were 75.7 and 5.9-fold lower relative to the control lineage (B.1.111), while for Delta were 15.8 and 1.1-fold lower, respectively. In contrast, nAb responses against Mu and Delta were comparable between ChAd0×1-s and Ad26.COV2.S as the GMTs remained around 5 to 7-fold lower relative to B.1.111.

Conclusions

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Colombia with a significant capacity to escape from vaccine-elicited nAbs indicates that a booster dose is highly recommended. Furthermore, other non-pharmacological measures should be retained in the vaccinated population.

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  1. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2022.03.15.22272371: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsConsent: Patients and samples: Serum and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from individuals with written informed consent approved by the Ethics Committee of the Colombian National Health Institute (CEMIN)-04-2021.
    IRB: Patients and samples: Serum and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from individuals with written informed consent approved by the Ethics Committee of the Colombian National Health Institute (CEMIN)-04-2021.
    Sex as a biological variableSerum samples were collected from immunologically naïve individuals between 9 and 13 weeks after receiving the complete regimens of BNT162b2 (n = 31; 3 males and 28 females, age range, 23–62 years), CoronaVac (n = 30; 9 males and 21 females; age range 18–58 years), ChAdOx1 (n = 20; 10 males and 10 females; age range 50 –81 years) or Ad26.COV2.S (n = 26; 9 males and 17; age range 21 –61 years).
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    The absence of total (IgG/IgM) anti-S antibodies before vaccination was verified using the SARS-CoV-2 Total assay (COV2T, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., NY, USA).
    anti-S
    suggested: None
    The absence of IgG anti-nucleoprotein antibodies during clinical follow-up of individual vaccinated with BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, Ad26.COV2.S was verified using the qualitative ELISA ID Screen SARS-CoV-2-N IgG Indirect (ID Vet, Montpellier, France), following the manufacturer’s instructions.
    anti-nucleoprotein
    suggested: None
    Subsequently, the concentration of anti-spike IgG antibodies was tested using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (sCOVG, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., NY, USA) on the ADVIA Centaur XPT platform (Siemens).
    anti-spike IgG
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Microneutralization and binding antibody assays: Microneutralization assays with infectious viruses were performed in Vero E6 monolayers as described (4), by incubating 120 mean tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50) of SARS-CoV-2 isolates belonging to the lineages B.1.111, P.1 (Gamma), B.1.621 (Mu), and AY.25.1 (Delta), with two-fold serial dilutions (1:4 to 1:2560) of sera from vaccinated volunteers.
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad PRISM 6.0.1 (GraphPad Software, San Diego CA, USA).
    GraphPad PRISM
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  2. Version published to 10.1101/2022.03.15.22272371 on medRxiv