Immunity post-COVID-19 recovery boosts the antibody immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

  1. Fawzi Ebrahim
  2. Salah Tabal
  3. Yosra Lamami
  4. Inas M Alhudiri
  5. Salah Edin El Meshri
  6. Samira M Al Dwigen
  7. Ramadan Arfa
  8. Asma Alboeshi
  9. Hafsa A. Alemam
  10. Fauzia Abuhtna
  11. Rabeeah Altrhouni
  12. Mohamed B Milad
  13. Nada A Elgriw
  14. Mahmoud A Ruaua
  15. Zakarya Abusrewil
  16. Warda Harroush
  17. Mwada Jallul
  18. Fouziyah S Ali
  19. Farag Eltaib
  20. Adam Elzaghied

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Abstract

Measurement of strength and durability of SARS-COV-2 antibody response is important to understand the waning dynamics of immune response to both vaccines and infection. The study aimed to evaluate the level of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and their persistence in recovered, naïve and vaccinated individuals. We randomly investigate Anti-spike RBD IgG antibody responses in 10,000 individuals, both following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and immunization with SARS-COV-2 adenoviral-vector and killed vaccines. Overall, antibody titres in recovered vaccinated individuals and naïve vaccinee persists beyond 20 weeks. The mean levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies were higher in vaccinated participants with prior COVID-19 infections than in individuals without prior infection. Decline for IgG antibodies were faster in vaccinated individuals without previous COVID-19 infection compared to those with previous COVID-19 infection. Vaccination with adenoviral–vector vaccines generates higher antibody titers than for killed virus vaccine. Slightly over half of asymptomatic unvaccinated individuals develops antibody response. Previous COVID-19 infection elicited robust and sustained levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated individuals. A single dose of the vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. This study also underlines that asymptomatic infection equally generates antibodies as symptomatic infection. Those vaccinated with inactivated vaccine may require more frequent boosters than those vaccinated with an adenoviral vaccine. These findings are important for formulating public health vaccination strategies during COVID-19 pandemic.

Importance

Measurement of strength and durability of SARS-COV-2 antibody response is important to understand the waning dynamics of immune response to both vaccines and infection. We randomly surveyed 10,000 people for SARS-COV-2 antibodies. One vaccine dose with prior infection generated stronger immune response than two vaccine doses. Overall, antibody titres in recovered vaccinated individuals and naïve vaccinee persists beyond 20 weeks. Vaccination with adenoviral–vector vaccines generates higher antibody titers than for killed virus vaccine slightly over half of asymptomatic unvaccinated individuals develops antibody response. This study emphasise on the benefit of vaccination in inducing strong immune response. These findings are important for formulating public health vaccination strategies during COVID-19 pandemic.

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  1. Version published to 10.1101/2022.02.18.22271130v2 on medRxiv
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2022.02.18.22271130: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: The Bioethics Committee at the Biotechnology Research Center in Tripoli (Ref No. approved the study BEC-BTRC 8-2020).
    Consent: All participants provided written informed consent to participate.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Participants and study design: We investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or immunization with the first dose or with two doses of the vaccines in use in Libya.
    anti-spike IgG
    suggested: None
    Detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific serum antibodies: The Beckman Coulter Access Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay was used on a UniCel Dxl 600 Access Immunoassay System to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Beckman Coulter, Germany.
    Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG
    suggested: None
    anti-SARS-CoV-2
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    However, the statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism version 9.3.
    Microsoft Excel
    suggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    The findings of the current study have some limitations. First, the study did not include children and immunocompromised adults. Furthermore, most fully vaccinated participants did not receive the second dose on schedule, which could reflect on the accuracy of results.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2022.02.18.22271130v1 on medRxiv