Real world performance of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) against infection, hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 in adult population in Indonesia

  1. Anton Suryatma
  2. Raras Anasi
  3. Miko Hananto
  4. Asep Hermawan
  5. Ririn Ramadhany
  6. Irene Lorinda Indalao
  7. Agustiningsih Agustiningsih
  8. Ely Hujjatul Fikriyah
  9. Kristina Lumban Tobing
  10. Teti Tejayanti
  11. Rustika Rustika
  12. Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara

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Abstract

Background

Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has been included in the national COVID-19 vaccination program in Indonesia since January 2021. The study aims to assess the impacts of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine on infection, hospitalization, and death among adult population aged ≥18 years in Bali, Indonesia.

Methods

Test-negative, case control study was conducted by linking SARS-CoV-2 laboratory records, vaccination, and health administrative data for the period of January 13 to June 30, 2021. Case-subjects were defined as individuals who had a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 during the period; they were matched with controls (tested negative) (1:1) based on age, sex, district of residence, and week of testing. We estimated the odds of vaccination in PCR confirmed, hospitalization and death due to COVID-19, accounting for the presence of comorbidities and prior infection. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as (1-odds ratio) x 100%.

Results

Total 109,050 RT-PCR test results were retrieved during the January 13 to June 30, 2021. Of these, 14,168 subjects were eligible for inclusion in the study. Total 5518 matched case-control pairs were analyzed. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 14.5% (95% confidence interval -11 to 34.2) at 0-13 days after the first dose; 66.7% (95% CI: 58.1-73.5) at ≥14 days after the second dose. The adjusted effectiveness against hospitalization and COVID-19-associated death was 71.1% (95% CI: 62.9-77.6) and 87.4% (95% CI: 65.1-95.4%) at ≥14 days after receiving the second dose, respectively.

Conclusions

Two-dose of inactivated CoronaVac vaccine showed high effectiveness against laboratory confirmed COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death associated with COVID-19 among adults aged ≥18 years.

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  1. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2022.02.02.22270351: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Ethicsnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software version 15.0
    STATA
    suggested: (Stata, RRID:SCR_012763)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    However, our study has limitations. First, while we attempted to make a robust approach by adjusting for number of potential confounding factors, including age, sex, geography, week of testing (sample collection) and presence of comorbidities, there might be still unmeasured confounding factors that biased the VE estimates (e.g., behavioral risk factors, type of variants). Second, this study was retrieved data from January to June 2021, which was just before the peak of Delta variants (B.1.617.2) outbreaks. Hence, the VE estimates presented here is likely reflected vaccine performance before Delta and Omicron becoming predominant variant in the community. VE of CoronaVac against Delta and Omicron-related infection and severity might be different. Studies elsewhere have reported the effects of Delta variants on the COVID-19 vaccines performance.15,16 Further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of CoronaVac against the circulating VOCs.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

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  2. Version published to 10.1101/2022.02.02.22270351 on medRxiv