A pseudotyped lentivirus-based assay to titer SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in Mexico
This article has been Reviewed by the following groups
Discuss this preprint
Start a discussion What are Sciety discussions?Listed in
- Evaluated articles (ScreenIT)
Abstract
Measuring the neutralizing potential of SARS-CoV-2 antigens-exposed sera informs on effective humoral immunity. This is relevant to 1-monitor levels of protection within an asymptomatic population, 2-evaluate the efficacy of existing and novel vaccines against emerging variants, 3-test prospective therapeutic monoclonal neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and, overall, to contribute to understand SARS-CoV-2 immunity. However, the gold-standard method to titer NAbs is a functional assay of virus-mediated infection, which requires biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facilities. As these facilities are insufficient in Latin American countries, including Mexico, scant information has been obtained about NAb in these countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. An alternative solution to acquire NAb information locally is to use non-replicative viral particles that display the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein on their surface, and deliver a reporter gene into target cells upon transduction. Here we present the development of a NAb-measuring assay based on Nanoluc-mediated luminescence measurements from SARS-CoV-2 S-pseudotyped lentiviral particle-infected cells. The successive steps of development are presented, including lentiviral particles production, target cell selection, and TCID50 determination. We applied the optimized assay in a BSL-2 facility to measure NAbs in 15 pre-pandemic, 18 COVID-19 convalescent and 32 BNT162b2 vaccinated serum samples, which evidenced the assay with 100% sensitivity, 86.6% specificity and 96% accuracy. The assay highlighted heterogeneity in neutralization curves which are relevant in discussing neutralization potency dynamics. Overall, this is the first report of a BSL-2 safe functional assay to measure SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico and a cornerstone methodology necessary to measure NAb with a functional assay in the context of limited resources settings.
Importance
Evaluating effective humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 requires a functional assay with infectious virus. Handling the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus requires specialized facilities that are not readily available in Latin America, including Mexico. Here we produce non-replicative viral particles pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 S protein that are used as safe surrogate viral particles in an optimized BSL-2 ready neutralization assay. The establishment of this assay is critical to allow the evaluation of effective humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 post-infection and to monitor the efficacy of existing or novel vaccines against emerging variants in the Mexican population.
Article activity feed
-
SciScore for 10.1101/2022.01.27.478128: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Samples were collected and used upon signed informed consent and anonymization. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Briefly 3 x105 cells were incubated on ice with mouse anti-human ACE2 monoclonal antibody conjugated to AF-647 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA, cat. anti-human ACE2suggested: NoneA chimeric monoclonal antibody (Sino Biological, cat 40150-D001) was used to detected SARS-CoV-2-S as primary antibody, and a goat anti-human IgG conjugated to HRP (Bio-Rad, cat. 204005) was used as secondary antibody. anti-human IgGsugges…SciScore for 10.1101/2022.01.27.478128: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Samples were collected and used upon signed informed consent and anonymization. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Briefly 3 x105 cells were incubated on ice with mouse anti-human ACE2 monoclonal antibody conjugated to AF-647 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA, cat. anti-human ACE2suggested: NoneA chimeric monoclonal antibody (Sino Biological, cat 40150-D001) was used to detected SARS-CoV-2-S as primary antibody, and a goat anti-human IgG conjugated to HRP (Bio-Rad, cat. 204005) was used as secondary antibody. anti-human IgGsuggested: (SouthernBiotech Cat# 2040-05, RRID:AB_2795644)Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources , Vero (ATCC CCL-81), Vero E6 (ATCC CRL-1586) and Caco-2 (HTB-37) cells were obtained from ATCC and maintained in high-glucose DMEM (Caisson, cat. Vero E6suggested: NoneCaco-2suggested: None, pCAG-HIVgp, and pCMV-SARS-CoV-2-S-RSV-REV were co-transfected at a 3:2:1 DNA ratio using the calcium phosphate method to confluent HEK-293T cells. HEK-293Tsuggested: NonePost-incubation, 25,000 Vero cells were added to each well and the plate was incubated for 24 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Verosuggested: NoneRecombinant DNA Sentences Resources Vector constructions: The pCAG-HIVgp and pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-REV plasmids were acquired through the Riken Institute BioResource Center53. pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-REVsuggested: NoneThe pCMV-SARS-CoV-2-S-RSV-REV plasmid was produced by cloning the SARS-CoV-2 S sequence, obtained from pCMV14-3X-Flag-SARS-CoV-2 S which encodes codon optimized SARS-CoV-2 S protein lacking the last 19 amino acids at the C-terminal3, in place of the VSV-G gene, between the NheI and XbaI restriction sites. pCMV-SARS-CoV-2-S-RSV-REVsuggested: NonepCMV14-3X-Flag-SARS-CoV-2suggested: RRID:Addgene_145780)The pLenti-Nluc was produced by cloning the Nluc sequence amplified from pCCI-SP6-ZIKV-Nluc, between the XbaI and BamHI restriction sites within the pLentiCRISPR v2 backbone (cat. 52961, Addgene, Massachussets, USA.) and removing the Cas9 gene. pLenti-Nlucsuggested: NonepCCI-SP6-ZIKV-Nlucsuggested: NonepLentiCRISPR v2suggested: RRID:Addgene_169885)We produced the plasmid pCMV-REV by removing the envelope protein gene from pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-REV. pCMV-REVsuggested: None, pCAG-HIVgp, and pCMV-SARS-CoV-2-S-RSV-REV were co-transfected at a 3:2:1 DNA ratio using the calcium phosphate method to confluent HEK-293T cells. pCAG-HIVgpsuggested: NoneWestern blot: The selective incorporation of SARS-CoV-2-S or VSV-G, and p24 proteins in VP was validated by western blot. VSV-Gsuggested: RRID:Addgene_138479)Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources At least 20,000 events were acquired per sample, and the data was analysed using FlowJo v. FlowJosuggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)Statistical analysis: All statistical analyzes were performed using GraphPad Prism v.9 software and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- No conflict of interest statement was detected. If there are no conflicts, we encourage authors to explicit state so.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
-
