Convalescence from prototype SARS-CoV-2 protects Syrian hamsters from disease caused by the Omicron variant
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Abstract
The mutation profile of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant poses a concern for naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. We investigated the ability of prior infection with an early SARS-CoV-2, 99.99% identical to Wuhan-Hu-1, to protect against disease caused by the Omicron variant. We established that infection with Omicron in naïve Syrian hamsters resulted in a less severe disease than a comparable dose of prototype SARS-CoV-2 (Australia/VIC01/2020), with fewer clinical signs and less weight loss. We present data to show that these clinical observations were almost absent in convalescent hamsters challenged with the same dose of Omicron 50 days after an initial infection with Australia/VIC01/2020. The data provide evidence for immunity raised against prototype SARS-CoV-2 being protective against Omicron in the Syrian hamster model. Further investigation is required to conclusively determine whether Omicron is less pathogenic in Syrian hamsters and whether this is predictive of pathogenicity in humans.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.12.24.474081: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IACUC: All experimental work was conducted under the authority of a UK Home Office approved project licence that had been subject to local ethical review at UKHSA Porton Down by the Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB) as required by the Home Office Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.
Euthanasia Agents: Prior to challenge animals were sedated by isoflurane.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization Experimental Design: Before the start of the experiment, animals were randomly assigned to challenge groups to minimise bias. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Antibody … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.12.24.474081: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IACUC: All experimental work was conducted under the authority of a UK Home Office approved project licence that had been subject to local ethical review at UKHSA Porton Down by the Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB) as required by the Home Office Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986.
Euthanasia Agents: Prior to challenge animals were sedated by isoflurane.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization Experimental Design: Before the start of the experiment, animals were randomly assigned to challenge groups to minimise bias. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Antibody dilutions were discarded, cells washed with PBS and incubated with 50μl/well goat anti-rabbit IgG HRP (Invitrogen, G-21234 anti-rabbit IgGsuggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# G-21234, RRID:AB_2536530)Cells were incubated for 1 h with primary/detection SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD rabbit polyclonal antibody (Sinobiologicals) and then 1 h with secondary anti-rabbit HRP-conjugate antibody (Invitrogen). anti-RBDsuggested: Noneanti-rabbitsuggested: NoneSpike protein was included at saturation levels and coupling confirmed by the binding of IgG from a COVID-19 convalescent donor known to have high levels of anti-spike protein IgG. Heat-inactivated NIBSC Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Diagnostic Calibrant ( anti-spike protein IgGsuggested: NoneAnti-SARS-CoV-2suggested: NoneBeads were next washed twice with 200 μl wash buffer and resuspended in 100 μl FITC-conjugated rabbit anti-human C3c polyclonal antibody (Abcam) diluted 1:500 in BB and incubated in the dark at 25°C for 20 min. anti-human C3csuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Viruses and Cells: SARS-CoV-2 Australia/VIC01/202035 was generously provided by The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia at P1 after primary growth in Vero/hSLAM cells and subsequently passaged twice at UKHSA Porton in Vero/hSLAM cells [ECACC 04091501]. Vero/hSLAMsuggested: ECACC Cat# 04091501, RRID:CVCL_L037)Virus titre of the P1 stock was determined by focus forming assay on Vero/E6 cells [ECACC 85020206]. Vero/E6suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)Serum/virus mixtures were then incubated on a VeroE6 cell monolayer (ECACC) for 1 h at 37°C. VeroE6suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)Recombinant DNA Sentences Resources In addition, Vero/hSLAM cultures were supplemented with 0.4 mg/ml of geneticin (Invitrogen) to maintain stable integration of pCAG-hSLAM and expression of the human signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (hSLAM). pCAG-hSLAMsuggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Whole genome sequencing was performed, on the P1 stock, using SISPA amplification on both Nanopore and Illumina technologies as described previously48. Nanoporesuggested: NoneFoci were visualised using TrueBlue™ Peroxidase Substrate (Sera Care) and counted using an ImmunoSpot S6 Ultra-V analyser and BioSpot software (CTL). BioSpotsuggested: NoneTitres were determined by curve fitting data to a 4PL curve in GraphPad Prism 9 and accepting only data which produced an R2 value of >0.95. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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